In this article, we’ll break down the basics of California’s climate disclosure laws and steps you can take to prepare carbon data for reporting.
The world is shifting to a low-carbon economy. According to the World Bank, more than 40 countries and 20 cities, states, and provinces already use carbon pricing mechanisms, and over 110 countries have pledged to reach net zero emissions by 2050. We now see carbon accounting and reporting cemented in law across the globe.
California’s climate disclosure laws are a perfect example of regional carbon accountability. SB 253 and SB 261 are the first of their kind in the United States and will set the stage for carbon emissions disclosure beyond its borders. With compliance required after January 2026, it is time for California-based companies to prepare their carbon data processes.
In this article, we’ll break down the basics of California’s climate disclosure laws and steps you can take to prepare carbon data for reporting.
What you’ll learn:
- What are California’s climate disclosure laws?
- About SB 253: The Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act
- About SB 261: The Climate-related Financial Risk Act
- How to prepare for California’s climate disclosure laws
What are California’s climate disclosure laws?
California’s new ESG laws require businesses to disclose carbon emissions and climate-related financial risks. The two laws are:
- Senate bill (SB) 253: The Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act
- SB 261: The Climate-related Financial Risk Act
These laws are expected to serve as benchmarks for business practices beyond California because of the state’s impact on the global economy.
About SB 253: The Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act
SB 253 requires large companies doing business in California to report their greenhouse gas emissions publicly. SB 253 goes into effect in 2026, starting with scope 1 and 2 data from 2025. In 2027, companies will have to report scope 3 data from 2026.
Who’s impacted by SB 253?
SB 253 applies to:
- Private and public companies
- Companies with revenue above $1B USD
What are SB 253’s disclosure requirements?
SB 253’s disclosure requirements include:
- Scopes 1, 2, and 3 emissions
- Third-party assurance of the report
What are the penalties for non-compliance with SB 253?
Companies that fail to comply with SB 253 could face penalties of $500,000 per year. Some companies may be eligible for a Scope 3 safe harbor if their disclosures are made in good faith and with a reasonable basis.
About SB 261: The climate-related financial risk act
SB 261 requires companies to bi-annually disclose any financial risks they face because of climate change and their mitigation strategies. Reporting starts in 2026.
Who’s impacted by SB 261?
SB 261 applies to over 10,000 companies that are:
- Public and private US companies
- Doing business in California
- Doing over $500 million in revenue
What are SB 261’s disclosure requirements?
SB 261’s requirements include:
- Reporting requirements: Companies must disclose climate-related financial risks and the measures they take to mitigate risk per TCFD or ISSB.
- Public availability: The report must be published for public consumption on the reporting company’s website
What are the penalties for non-compliance with SB 261?
Failure to comply with SB 261 could result in penalties of up to $50,000 annually.