FinanceApril 02, 2025|UpdatedApril 02, 2025

California’s climate disclosure laws explained

In this article, we’ll break down the basics of California’s climate disclosure laws and steps you can take to prepare carbon data for reporting.

The world is shifting to a low-carbon economy. According to the World Bank, more than 40 countries and 20 cities, states, and provinces already use carbon pricing mechanisms, and over 110 countries have pledged to reach net zero emissions by 2050. We now see carbon accounting and reporting cemented in law across the globe.  

California’s climate disclosure laws are a perfect example of regional carbon accountability. SB 253 and SB 261 are the first of their kind in the United States and will set the stage for carbon emissions disclosure beyond its borders. With compliance required after January 2026, it is time for California-based companies to prepare their carbon data processes.  

In this article, we’ll break down the basics of California’s climate disclosure laws and steps you can take to prepare carbon data for reporting.  

What you’ll learn: 

  • What are California’s climate disclosure laws? 
  • About SB 253: The Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act 
  • About SB 261: The Climate-related Financial Risk Act 
  • How to prepare for California’s climate disclosure laws 

What are California’s climate disclosure laws? 

California’s new ESG laws require businesses to disclose carbon emissions and climate-related financial risks. The two laws are: 

  1. Senate bill (SB) 253: The Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act
  2. SB 261: The Climate-related Financial Risk Act 

These laws are expected to serve as benchmarks for business practices beyond California because of the state’s impact on the global economy.  

About SB 253: The Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act 

SB 253 requires large companies doing business in California to report their greenhouse gas emissions publicly. SB 253 goes into effect in 2026, starting with scope 1 and 2 data from 2025. In 2027, companies will have to report scope 3 data from 2026.   

Who’s impacted by SB 253? 

SB 253 applies to: 

  • Private and public companies 
  • Companies with revenue above $1B USD 

What are SB 253’s disclosure requirements? 

SB 253’s disclosure requirements include: 

  • Scopes 1, 2, and 3 emissions  
  • Third-party assurance of the report 

What are the penalties for non-compliance with SB 253? 

Companies that fail to comply with SB 253 could face penalties of $500,000 per year. Some companies may be eligible for a Scope 3 safe harbor if their disclosures are made in good faith and with a reasonable basis.  

About SB 261: The climate-related financial risk act 

SB 261 requires companies to bi-annually disclose any financial risks they face because of climate change and their mitigation strategies. Reporting starts in 2026.   

Who’s impacted by SB 261?

SB 261 applies to over 10,000 companies that are: 

  • Public and private US companies 
  • Doing business in California 
  • Doing over $500 million in revenue 

What are SB 261’s disclosure requirements? 

SB 261’s requirements include: 

  • Reporting requirements: Companies must disclose climate-related financial risks and the measures they take to mitigate risk per TCFD or ISSB
  • Public availability: The report must be published for public consumption on the reporting company’s website 

What are the penalties for non-compliance with SB 261? 

Failure to comply with SB 261 could result in penalties of up to $50,000 annually.  

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How to prepare for California’s Climate Disclosure laws 

Educate your team and identify stakeholders 

Compliance with SB 253 and SB 261 requires cooperation from a cross-functional team. Relevant data sources will be spread across your company in various departments. You’ll need to assign compliance leads in operations, finance, sustainability, and legal to cover all your bases.  

From there, you’ll need a learning program to educate these compliance leaders on all aspects of each legislation. Since compliance with SB 253 and SB 261 is a group-wide effort, these compliance leaders must work closely to define roles, responsibilities, and workflow.  

Create a data management plan for carbon emissions data

Companies will have different data-gathering requirements to comply with SB 253 and SB 261. No company or industry’s emissions are alike. The first task will be identifying emissions sources and establishing tracking mechanisms. Then, companies must develop a workflow to streamline data collection across the organization, including timelines, submission requirements, and data preparation standards.  

Data tracking should include but isn’t limited to GHG emissions. These include: 

  • Scope 1: fuel consumption, fugitive emissions, and on-site combustion
  • Scope 2: electricity consumption, heating, cooling, and purchased steam 
  • Scope 3: upstream transportation, raw material production, waste disposal, employee commuting, and product distribution 

Build out your tech stack 

If you haven’t implemented an ESG solution into your enterprise technology stack, now is the time. ESG laws, like SB 253 and SB 261, are the first of many that will impact public disclosure around the world. Mandatory ESG reporting is just a matter of time. And as ESG data requirements continue to intensify, we expect regulators and governments to demand increasingly granular ESG disclosure and analysis. 

It’s not enough to keep tabs on a few ESG KPIs. As ESG disclosure embeds itself into law, companies must prioritize understanding 1. how ESG initiatives correlate to performance outcomes, materially, operationally, and across supply chains 2. how operations impact ESG factors externally, like the effects to the environment and community. We recommend prioritizing a holistic understanding of ESG by taking a corporate performance management (CPM) approach to compliance.  

CPM prioritizes a comprehensive understanding of enterprise data, bringing finance and operations data together in a single platform. By putting ESG under the CPM umbrella, you’ll see how ESG performance intersects with financial outcomes and operational and supply chain plans. This way, teams can understand how carbon emissions impact a company’s materiality and track progress using the same governance and controls as they do for sensitive financial disclosure data.  

Start preparing carbon emissions data today 

2026 will be here before we know it. The time to start preparing your data, processes, and people for California’s climate disclosure laws is now. Taking a corporate performance management approach to SB 253 and SB 261 will ensure your carbon emissions data is ready for imminent carbon accounting requirements— and all future ESG reporting requirements.  

CCH Tagetik ESG and Sustainability Performance Management solution has a new module that covers California Climate Corporate Data Accountability. This module helps you accurately calculate and report according to the regulation and prepare for mandated assurance with confidence. It includes: 

  • A pre-built KPI library 
  • Related calculation logic aligned with regulatory requirements 
  • An automatic audit trail 
  • GenAI-assisted narrative to expedite and enhance reporting  

Learn more about CCH Tagetik for ESG and Sustainability Performance Management.

Alberto Castellani
Manager Consulting - CCH Tagetik

Alberto specializes in developing CCH Tagetik pre-packaged solutions, with a focus on the ESG & Sustainability Performance Management Solution. He monitors regulatory updates, interprets their impact, and oversees the solution's documentation process.

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